Urbangrow, una propuesta sostenible para la mejora de cultivos

El Perú cuenta con una población urbana en constante crecimiento, por lo que la demanda de recursos se incrementa, sobre todo en el caso de la alimentación. Los principales problemas que genera esta demanda son la preferencia por métodos contaminantes, tales como el uso de combustibles fósiles en la agricultura y sistemas de regadío que dependen de petróleo, así como el uso de fertilizantes para mejorar el rendimiento de las tierras de cultivo disponibles. Por otro lado, la falta de áreas verdes en el Perú es un problema que incide directamente en la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos, al punto que tiene el más bajo indicador de acceso a áreas verdes en América del Sur. Urbangrow es una empresa sostenible y responsable con la sociedad, cuya principal actividad es la venta de una experiencia única de cultivo mediante un kit automatizado propio, que hace uso de la tecnología como sensores, luz ultravioleta, riego automático, entre otros; y ofrece al cliente la posibilidad de hacer el seguimiento de sus cultivos a través de un aplicativo. También beneficia a los agricultores, pues elimina el control excesivo y las tareas rutinarias, así como la incertidumbre por condiciones climáticas adversas, con lo que la productividad mejora considerablemente. El valor actual neto social (VANS) fue medido en base al beneficio brindado a la comunidad como consecuencia de la reducción de espacios para un cultivo eficiente y que repercuta en la no depredación de bosques y ecosistemas terrestres, así como la producción optimizada de alimentos para que las ciudades sean autosustentables, además el proyecto se alinea a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 8, 11, 12, 13 y 15 para cumplir los objetivos sociales. Finalmente, la solución ha validado las hipótesis de factibilidad y viabilidad planteadas, y los resultados financieros demuestran la sostenibilidad económica de la tesis con una inversión inicial de S/ 200,000, de los cuales el 25% correspondería a aportes propios de los socios y el 75% restante a financiamiento bancario. En ese escenario, se espera obtener un valor actual neto (VAN) de S/. 3’751,645 durante los primeros cinco años de proyección.Peru has an urban population in constant growth, which is why the demand for resources increases; mainly, in the case of nutrition. The main issues that this demand generates are the preference for polluting methods, such as the use of fossil fuels in agriculture and irrigation systems that depend on oil, as well as the use of fertilizers to improve the performance of the cultivation lands available. Additionally, the lack of grassland areas in Peru is an issue that impacts the quality of life of the citizens directly, to the point that it has the lowest indicator of access to grassland areas in South America. Urbangrow is a sustainable and responsible company with the society, whose main line of business is the sale of a unique cropping experience by means of the customer’s own automated kit, that uses technology such as sensors, ultraviolet light, automatic irrigation, among others; and it offers the customer the possibility of performing the follow-up of his cultivations through one application. It also benefits the farmers, because it eliminates the excessive monitoring and the daily tasks, as well as the uncertainty of climate adverse conditions, with which the productivity improves considerably. The social net present value (SNPV) was measured based on the benefit provided to the community as a result of the reduction of spaces for efficient cultivation and that has repercussions on the non-predation of forests and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the optimized production of food so that cities are self-sustaining, in addition the project is aligned to Objectives 8, 11, 12, 13 and 15 of the Sustainable Development, thus complying with the social objectives. Finally, the solution has validated the hypotheses of feasibility and viability formulated, and the financial performances demonstrate the financial sustainability of the thesis with an initial investment of S/200,000, from which 25% would correspond to the direct contributions of the partners and the remaining 75% to bank financing. Under that scenario, it is expected to obtain a net present value (NPV) of S/. 3’751,645 during the first five years projected

Centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV

The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV is presented. The charged-particle density normalized per participating nucleon pair increases by about a factor 2 from peripheral (70-80%) to central (0-5%) collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be similar to that observed at lower collision energies. The data are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV is presented. The charged-particle density normalized per participating nucleon pair increases by about a factor 2 from peripheral (70-80%) to central (0-5%) collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be similar to that observed at lower collision energies. The data are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions

Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0–5% and 70–80% of the hadronic Pb–Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in |η|<0.8 and 0.3<pT<20 GeV/c are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same sNN, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon–nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA. The result indicates only weak medium effects (RAA≈0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, RAA reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at pT=6–7 GeV/c and increases significantly at larger pT. The measured suppression of high-pT particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

Two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

The first measurement of two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. We observe a growing trend with energy now not only for the longitudinal and the outward but also for the sideward pion source radius. The pion homogeneity volume and the decoupling time are significantly larger than those measured at RHIC

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at √s=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<pT<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |η|<0.8 is 〈pT〉INEL=0.483±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and 〈pT〉NSD=0.489±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger 〈pT〉 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET